Codec
Introduction
A codec is a device or computer program for encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal. Codec is a portmanteau of coder-decoder. A codec encodes a data stream or a signal for transmission and storage, possibly in encrypted form, and the decoder function reverses the encoding for playback or editing.
Codec ID table
| Codec 8 | Codec 8 extended | Codec 12 | Codec 13 | Codec 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0x08 | 0x8E | 0x0C | 0x0D | 0x10 |
Codec 8
- AVL data packet
Because the smallest information amount that can be written is one bit, there can be some bits left unused when result is byte array. Any unused bits should be left blank.
Below table represents AVL data packet structure.
| 4 zeros | Data field length | Codec ID | Number of Data 1 | AVL Data | Number of Data 2 | CRC-16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 bytes | 4 bytes | 1 byte | 1 byte | 30-147 bytes | 1 byte | 4 bytes |
Number of data – number of encoded data (number of records). Codec ID is constant 08.
Data field length is the length of bytes [codec id, number of data 2]. Number of data 1 should always be equal to number of data 2 byte. CRC-16 is 4 bytes, but first two are zeroes and last two are CRC-16 calculated for [codec id, number of data 2] Minimum AVL packet size is 45 bytes (all IO elements disabled). Maximum AVL packet size for one record is 783 bytes.
- AVL data
| Timestamp | Priority | GPS Element | IO element |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 bytes | 1 byte | 15 bytes | 6-123 |
Timestamp – difference, in milliseconds, between the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC
- Priority
| 0 | Low |
| 1 | High |
| 2 | Panic |
- GPS Element
| Longtitude | Latitude | Alitude | Angle | Stellites | Speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 bytes | 4 bytes | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | 1 bytes | 2 bytes |
X Longitude
Y Latitude1
Altitude In meters above sea level1
Angle In degrees, 0 is north, increasing clock-wise 1
Satellites Number of visible satellites1
Speed Speed in km/h. 0x0000 if GPS data is invalid1
Longitude and latitude are integer values built from degrees, minutes, seconds and milliseconds by formula
d - Degrees
m - Minutes
s - Seconds
ms - Milliseconds
p - Precision (10000000)
If longitude is in west or latitude in south, multiply result by –1. To determine if the coordinate is negative, convert it to binary format and check the very first bit. If it is 0, coordinate is positive, if it is 1, coordinate is negative.
Example:
Received value: 20 9c ca 80 Converted to BIN: 00100000 10011100 11001010 10000000 first bit is 0, which means coordinate is positive Convered to DEC: 547146368 For more information see two‘s compliment arithmetics.
- IO Element
| Event IO ID | 1 byte |
| N of Total IO | 1 byte |
| N1 of One Byte IO | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO ID | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO Value | 1 byte |
| ... | |
| N1’th IO ID | 1 byte |
| N1’th IO Value | 1 byte |
| N2 of Two Bytes | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO ID | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO Value | 2 bytes |
| ... | |
| N2’th IO ID | 1 byte |
| N2’th IO Value | 2 bytes |
| N4 of Four Bytes | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO ID | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO Value | 4 byte |
| ... | |
| N4’th IO ID | 1 byte |
| N4’th IO Value | 4 bytes |
| N8 of Eight Bytes | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO ID | 1 byte |
| 1’st IO Value | 8 bytes |
| ... | |
| N8’th IO ID | 1 byte |
| N8’th IO Value | 8 bytes |
Event IO ID – if data is acquired on event – this field defines which IO property has changed and generated an event. If data cause is not event – the value is 0.
N total number of properties coming with record (N=N1+N2+N4+N8)
N1 number of properties, which length is 1 byte
N2 number of properties, which length is 2 bytes
N4 number of properties, which length is 4 bytes
N8 number of properties, which length is 8 bytes
Example
Received data:
00000000 4 zeroes, 4 bytes
0000008c data length, 4 bytes
08 – Codec ID
0- Number of Data (1 record)
1’st record data
0000013feb55ff74 – Timestamp in milliseconds (1374042849140)
GMT: Wed, 17 Jul 2013 06:34:09 GMT
00 – Priority
GPS Element
0f0ea850 – Longitude 252618832 = 25,2618832º N
209a6900 – Latitude 546990336 = 54,6990336 º E
0094 – Altitude 148 meters
0 – Angle 214º
0 – 12 Visible sattelites
0 – 0 km/h speed
IO Element
00 – IO element ID of Event generated (in this case when 00 – data generated not on event)
1e – 30 IO elements in record (total)
09 – 9 IO elements, which length is 1 Byte
0 – IO element ID = 01
0 – IO element’s value = 0
02 – IO element ID = 02
0 – IO element’s value = 0
03 – IO element ID = 03
0 – IO element’s value = 0
4 – IO element ID = 04
0 – IO element’s value = 0
16 – IO element ID = 22 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value = 1
47 – IO element ID = 71 (dec)
03 – IO element’s value = 3
F0 – IO element ID = 240 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value = 0
15 – IO element ID = 21 (dec)
04 – IO element’s value = 0
C8 – IO element ID = 200 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value = 0
0C – 12 IO elements, which value length is 2 Bytes
09 – IO element ID = 9 (dec)
0073 – IO element’s value
0a – IO element ID = 10 (dec)
0046 – IO element’s value
0b – IO element ID = 11 (dec)
0050 – IO element’s value
13 – IO element ID = 19 (dec)
0046 – IO element’s value
43 – IO element ID = 67 (dec)
06d7 – IO element’s value
1 – IO element ID = 68 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
B5 – IO element ID = 181 (dec)
000b – IO element’s value
B6 – IO element ID = 182 (dec)
0007 – IO element’s value
42 – IO element ID = 66 (dec)
2e9f – IO element’s value
2 – IO element ID = 24 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
cd – IO element ID = 205 (dec)
3 – IO element’s value
CE – IO element ID = 206 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
07 – 7 IO elements, which value length is 4 Bytes
C7 – IO element ID = 199 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
f1 – IO element ID = 241 (dec)
0000601a – IO element’s value
46 – IO element ID = 70 (dec)
00000134 – IO element’s value
48 – IO element ID = 72 (dec)
00000bb8 – IO element’s value
4 – IO element ID = 73 (dec)
00000bb8 – IO element’s value
4a – IO element ID = 74 (dec)
00000bb8 – IO element’s value
4c – IO element ID = 76 (dec)
1 – IO element’s value
02 – 2 IO elements, which value length is 8 Bytes
4e – IO element ID = 78 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
cf – IO element ID = 207 (dec)
0 – IO element’s value
0 – Number of Data (1 record)
00003fca - CRC-16, 4 Bytes (first 2 are always zeros)