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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Precise GNSS tracking might be physically not possible in certain environments, where the GNSS signal is unable to reach the tracking device. One example of such environment might be the inside of a large industrial warehouse. If the precise position of a vehicle, such as a forklift is needed to be tracked inside of it, other additional measures need to be taken. Teltonika indoor tracking solution ensures indoor positioning in such environments by utilising eye beacons. Eye Beacons are interchangeable with Eye Sensors; it works in the same way as an Eye Beacon while also providing additional features, such as magnetic field detection, temperature and humidity reading. All of which help ensure proper warehouse conditions to prevent damage of goods. However, for regular indoor positioning, it is recommended to use Eye Beacons, as they ensure a longer battery life.
Precise GNSS tracking might be physically not possible in certain environments, where the GNSS signal is unable to reach the tracking device. One example of such environment might be the inside of a large industrial warehouse, where the GNSS signal is attenuated by it's thich. If the precise position of a vehicle, such as a forklift is needed to be tracked inside of it, other additional measures need to be taken. Teltonika indoor tracking solution ensures indoor positioning in such environments by utilising eye beacons. Eye Beacons are interchangeable with Eye Sensors; it works in the same way as an Eye Beacon while also providing additional features, such as magnetic field detection, temperature and humidity reading. All of which help ensure proper warehouse conditions to prevent damage of goods. However, for regular indoor positioning, it is recommended to use Eye Beacons, as they ensure a longer battery life.
==Solution description==
==Solution description==
First, BLE beacons are set up in an inside space, their position will remain fixed and they will serve as a known location reference. These beacons periodically broadcast a signal which is unique for each beacon containing the beacon’s ID. When any FM device configured for the solution receives a signal from a beacon, the strength of this received signal (RSSI-Received signal strength Indicator) will be proportional to the distance between them. With several beacons, the position of configured FM devices can be calculated. These calculations are performed on the server side. Many FM devices can utilize the same Eye Beacons at the same time.
First, BLE beacons are set up in an inside space, their position will remain fixed and they will serve as a known location reference. These beacons periodically broadcast a signal which is unique for each beacon containing the beacon’s ID. When any FM device configured for the solution receives a signal from a beacon, the relationship between the strength of this received signal (RSSI-Received signal strength Indicator) and transmitted signal strength (which is a constant for each beacon), will be proportional to the distance between them, as radio waves propagate according to the inverse square law. With several beacons, the position of configured FM devices can be calculated by various positioning algorithms, such as trilateration. These calculations are performed on the server side. Many FM devices can utilize the same Eye Beacons at the same time.
[[File:Sketchasedit.png|Principle of operation]]
[[File:Sketchasedit.png|Principle of operation]]
==Beacon installation==
==Beacon installation==
The main challenge in using iBeacon or Eddystone signals for indoor positioning is the variance of RSSI readings due to their sensitivity to environment factors. These factors include obstruction of signal due to physical obstacles: walls, doors, metal objects. Beacons should be installed on the walls, ceiling or racks and their position will remain fixed. Clear line of sight should be maintained for optimal coverage of the beacon signal. For best tracking coverage and accuracy results, beacons should be installed in such a way, that at least 3 beacon transmissions can be detected at any point of the indoor facility. The maximum open-field distance of beacon detection is 80m, however, indoor signal range will be smaller and depend on the configured transmitting power of the Eye beacon as well as layout of the facility. In general, the more beacons are set up, the higher the positioning accuracy.
The main challenge in using iBeacon or Eddystone signals for indoor positioning is the variance of RSSI readings due to their sensitivity to environment factors. These factors include obstruction of signal due to physical obstacles: walls, doors, metal objects. The inside of buildings is not free space, so accuracy is impacted by absorption and reflection from walls. Moving objects such as doors, vehicles, and people can pose an even greater issue, as they can affect the signal strength in unpredictable ways.
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To maximise the accuracy of positioning, EyeBeacons should be installed on the walls, ceiling or racks and their position will remain fixed. Clear line of sight should be maintained for optimal coverage of the beacon signal. For best tracking coverage and accuracy results, beacons should be installed in such a way, that at least 3 beacon transmissions can be detected at any point of the indoor facility. The maximum open-field distance of beacon detection is 80m, however, indoor signal range will be smaller and depend on the configured transmitting power of the Eye beacon as well as layout of the facility. In general, the more beacons are set up, the higher the positioning accuracy.
==Configuring FM device==
==Configuring FM device==
[[File:Indoortrackingsolution2.gif]]
[[File:Indoortrackingsolution2.gif]]
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If beacon detection is set to All, all beacons will be detected by the FM device, therefore beacon lists will not have to be configured on the devices. <br>
If beacon detection is set to All, all beacons will be detected by the FM device, therefore beacon lists will not have to be configured on the devices. <br>
It is also possible to configure the device to recognize the beacon by it’s mac address.<br>
It is also possible to configure the device to recognize the beacon by it’s MAC address.<br>
As always, FM device configuration will vary depending on the User’s exact needs.
As always, FM device configuration will vary depending on the User’s exact needs.
==Configuring EyeBeacon==
==Configuring EyeBeacon==
<br>• Eddystone protocol
<br>• Eddystone protocol
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However, these parameters can be changed. Transmitting power can be set from -14dBm to 8dBm – higher transmitting power translates to a larger beacon range. Data advertising interval can be selected from the range 20ms to 10s, shorter data advertising intervals ensure a more stable signal. However, increasing power or reducing the advertising interval affects the battery life of the Eye Beacon.
However, these parameters can be changed. Transmitting power can be set from -14dBm to 8dBm – higher transmitting power equates to a larger beacon range. Data advertising interval can be selected from the range 20ms to 10s, shorter data advertising intervals ensure a more stable signal. However, increasing power or reducing the advertising interval affects the battery life of the Eye Beacon.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|EYE Beacon / BTSID1
|EYE Beacon / BTSID1
